The dust collection system of a shot blasting machine is designed to capture and treat the dust generated during the shot blasting process. Here is a general working principle of a dust collection system:

1. Exhaust device: The dust collection system typically includes an exhaust device such as a fan or vacuum pump. This device creates negative pressure to draw in air and dust during the shot blasting process.

2. Collector: The air and dust drawn in by the exhaust device enter the collector. The collector is usually a closed container with sufficient space to collect and store the dust.

3. Filter: The collector is equipped with a filter system internally, which aims to separate the dust, allowing air to pass through while capturing the dust. Filters can utilize different technologies such as bag filters, cartridge filters, or electrostatic precipitators, depending on the dust characteristics and treatment requirements.

4. Dust collection: The dust is captured in the filters while relatively clean air is released through the filters. The captured dust gradually accumulates on the filters, forming a dust layer.

5. Dust cleaning: Over time, the dust layer becomes thicker, which can impact the efficiency of the filters. Therefore, dust collection systems are typically equipped with dust cleaning mechanisms to periodically remove or treat the dust layer. Dust cleaning methods can include vibration cleaning, pulse-jet cleaning, or mechanical cleaning to maintain the filters' cleanliness.

6. Waste disposal: The waste generated during the dust cleaning process needs to be handled and disposed of properly. The waste typically includes the captured dust and impurities from the cleaning process. These wastes should be classified and safely treated in accordance with environmental regulations and standards to avoid environmental pollution.

The design and operation of dust collection systems depend on the type and scale of the shot blasting machine, as well as the dust characteristics and treatment requirements. An effective dust collection system can minimize dust emissions generated during the shot blasting process, protecting the environment and workers' health.